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2.4 Overlay Topology Design

Document Information

Field Value
Document Title Overlay Topology Design
Section Number 2.4
Version 1.0
Last Updated December 30, 2025
Author Network Architecture Team
Classification Internal Use

2.4.1 Overlay Topology Overview

Purpose and Scope

The overlay topology design defines the logical network structure that operates on top of the physical transport infrastructure. This design enables Abhavtech.com to create a secure, policy-driven WAN that abstracts the underlying transport complexity while providing deterministic application performance.

Topology Selection Criteria

Criterion Hub-and-Spoke Partial Mesh Full Mesh Selected
Branch Count Support Excellent Good Limited Hub-and-Spoke
DC/Hub Traffic Pattern Optimal Good N/A Hub-and-Spoke
Branch-to-Branch Direct No Yes Yes Partial Mesh
Control Plane Scale Minimal Moderate High Partial Mesh
Tunnel Count Low Moderate High Partial Mesh
Management Complexity Low Moderate High Partial Mesh
Bandwidth Efficiency Lower Higher Highest Partial Mesh

Selected Topology: Hierarchical Partial Mesh

                              OVERLAY TOPOLOGY - ABHAVTECH.COM
+==============================================================================+
|                              REGIONAL HUB LAYER                              |
|                           (Full Mesh Between Hubs)                           |
+==============================================================================+
|                                                                              |
|     +------------------+          +------------------+                       |
|     |   MUMBAI DC      |==========|   CHENNAI DR     |                       |
|     |   Primary Hub    |   IPsec  |   Secondary Hub  |                       |
|     |   C8500-12X4QC   |   Mesh   |   C8500-12X4QC   |                       |
|     +--------+---------+          +--------+---------+                       |
|              |                             |                                 |
|   +----------+----------+       +----------+----------+                      |
|   |          |          |       |          |          |                      |
+===|==========|==========|=======|==========|==========|======================+
    |          |          |       |          |          |
+===|==========|==========|=======|==========|==========|======================+
|   |  REGIONAL HUB LAYER |       |  REGIONAL HUB LAYER |                      |
+===|==========|==========|=======|==========|==========|======================+
    |          |          |       |          |          |
    v          v          v       v          v          v
+-------+  +-------+  +-------+  +-------+  +-------+  +-------+
|LONDON |  |FRANK- |  |NEW    |  |DALLAS |  |BANGA- |  |DELHI  |
|Hub    |  |FURT   |  |JERSEY |  |Hub    |  |LORE   |  |Branch |
|C8300  |  |Hub    |  |Hub    |  |C8300  |  |Branch |  |C8200L |
+---+---+  |C8300  |  |C8300  |  +---+---+  |C8200L |  +-------+
    |      +---+---+  +---+---+      |      +-------+      |
    |          |          |          |          |          |
    +====EMEA==+          +===AMER===+          +==INDIA===+
      Hub Mesh              Hub Mesh            Spoke Only
                                                    |
                                               +----+----+
                                               |  NOIDA  |
                                               | Branch  |
                                               | C8200L  |
                                               +---------+
+==============================================================================+
|                              TOPOLOGY SUMMARY                                |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Hub-to-Hub           | Full IPsec mesh (Mumbai, Chennai, London, Frankfurt, |
|                      | New Jersey, Dallas) = 15 tunnel pairs per transport  |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Hub-to-Branch        | Hub-and-spoke (Bangalore, Delhi, Noida to nearest    |
|                      | regional hub) = 6 tunnel pairs per transport         |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Branch-to-Branch     | On-demand via regional hub (no direct tunnels)       |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Total Tunnels        | 63 per transport × 3 transports = 189 tunnels        |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

2.4.2 Tunnel Architecture

Tunnel Types and Characteristics

Tunnel Type Encapsulation Use Case MTU Overhead
IPsec (GRE) GRE over IPsec Standard tunnels 1400 62 bytes
IPsec (IPSEC) Native IPsec High-performance 1442 58 bytes
TLOC Extension Layer 2 DC interconnect 1400 62 bytes
SIG Tunnel IPsec to cloud SASE/SIG 1400 62 bytes

Tunnel Color Assignment

                    TRANSPORT COLOR MAPPING
+==============================================================================+
|                                                                              |
|    COLOR           TRANSPORT TYPE              PREFERENCE     SLA CLASS      |
|    ─────           ──────────────              ──────────     ─────────      |
|    mpls            Private MPLS WAN            Primary        Business       |
|    biz-internet    Business-grade Internet     Secondary      Default        |
|    public-internet Consumer Internet           Tertiary       Bulk           |
|    lte             LTE Cellular Backup         Emergency      Real-Time      |
|    5g              5G Cellular (Future)        Emergency      Real-Time      |
|    private1        AWS Direct Connect          Cloud-Pref     Business       |
|    private2        Azure ExpressRoute          Cloud-Pref     Business       |
|                                                                              |
+==============================================================================+

SITE COLOR AVAILABILITY MATRIX
+-------------+------+------+--------+-----+----+----------+----------+
| Site        | MPLS | Biz  | Public | LTE | 5G | Private1 | Private2 |
+-------------+------+------+--------+-----+----+----------+----------+
| Mumbai DC   |  ✓   |  ✓   |   ✓    |  ✓  | -  |    ✓     |    ✓     |
| Chennai DR  |  ✓   |  ✓   |   ✓    |  ✓  | -  |    ✓     |    ✓     |
| London      |  ✓   |  ✓   |   -    |  ✓  | -  |    ✓     |    ✓     |
| Frankfurt   |  ✓   |  ✓   |   -    |  ✓  | -  |    ✓     |    ✓     |
| New Jersey  |  ✓   |  ✓   |   -    |  ✓  | -  |    ✓     |    ✓     |
| Dallas      |  ✓   |  ✓   |   -    |  ✓  | -  |    ✓     |    ✓     |
| Bangalore   |  ✓   |  ✓   |   ✓    |  ✓  | -  |    -     |    -     |
| Delhi       |  ✓   |  ✓   |   ✓    |  ✓  | -  |    -     |    -     |
| Noida       |  -   |  ✓   |   ✓    |  ✓  | -  |    -     |    -     |
+-------------+------+------+--------+-----+----+----------+----------+

TLOC Configuration

Hub Site TLOC Definition (Mumbai DC)

! Mumbai DC WAN Edge 1 - TLOC Configuration
system
 system-ip             10.1.100.1
 site-id               100
 organization-name     "Abhavtech-SD-WAN"
 vbond 13.234.xxx.xxx port 12346
!
! MPLS Transport TLOC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 description MPLS-Transport-to-Provider
 ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
 tunnel-interface
  encapsulation ipsec weight 1
  color mpls restrict
  max-control-connections 2
  no allow-service all
  allow-service dhcp
  allow-service dns
  allow-service icmp
  allow-service sshd
  allow-service netconf
  allow-service ntp
  allow-service stun
  allow-service bfd
 !
!
! Business Internet Transport TLOC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 description Business-Internet-Primary
 ip address dhcp
 tunnel-interface
  encapsulation ipsec weight 1
  color biz-internet
  carrier Tata-Communications
  max-control-connections 2
  vmanage-connection-preference 5
  no allow-service all
  allow-service dhcp
  allow-service dns
  allow-service icmp
  allow-service stun
 !
!
! Public Internet Transport TLOC  
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 description Public-Internet-Backup
 ip address dhcp
 tunnel-interface
  encapsulation ipsec weight 1
  color public-internet
  carrier Airtel-Broadband
  max-control-connections 1
  no allow-service all
  allow-service stun
 !
!
! LTE Backup Transport TLOC
interface Cellular0/2/0
 description LTE-Emergency-Backup
 ip address negotiated
 tunnel-interface
  encapsulation ipsec weight 1
  color lte
  carrier Jio-4G
  max-control-connections 0
  no allow-service all
  allow-service stun
  low-bandwidth-link
 !

Branch Site TLOC Definition (Noida)

! Noida Branch WAN Edge - TLOC Configuration
system
 system-ip             10.1.105.1
 site-id               105
 organization-name     "Abhavtech-SD-WAN"
 vbond 13.234.xxx.xxx port 12346
!
! Business Internet Transport TLOC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 description Business-Internet-Primary
 ip address dhcp
 tunnel-interface
  encapsulation ipsec weight 1
  color biz-internet
  carrier Tata-Communications
  max-control-connections 2
  vmanage-connection-preference 5
  no allow-service all
  allow-service dhcp
  allow-service dns
  allow-service icmp
  allow-service stun
 !
!
! Public Internet Transport TLOC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 description Public-Internet-Backup
 ip address dhcp
 tunnel-interface
  encapsulation ipsec weight 1
  color public-internet
  carrier Airtel-Broadband
  max-control-connections 1
  no allow-service all
  allow-service stun
 !
!
! LTE Backup Transport TLOC
interface Cellular0/1/0
 description LTE-Emergency-Backup
 ip address negotiated
 tunnel-interface
  encapsulation ipsec weight 1
  color lte
  carrier Jio-4G
  max-control-connections 0
  no allow-service all
  allow-service stun
  low-bandwidth-link
 !

2.4.3 Site Types and Roles

Site Classification Matrix

Site Type Role Tunnel Behavior Route Preference Examples
Data Center Primary Hub Full mesh to all hubs, attract all traffic Highest (0) Mumbai
DR Site Secondary Hub Full mesh, standby for DC High (100) Chennai
Regional Hub Transit Hub Full mesh to other hubs, hub for branches Medium (200) London, NJ
Large Branch Spoke Hub-and-spoke to regional hub Default (500) Bangalore
Small Branch Spoke Hub-and-spoke, single WAN Edge Default (500) Noida
Remote Worker Edge Direct to cloud or hub Lowest (1000) Future

Site-ID and System-IP Allocation

                    SITE IDENTIFICATION SCHEME
+==============================================================================+
|                                                                              |
|  REGION        SITE            SITE-ID    SYSTEM-IP RANGE    WAN EDGES      |
|  ──────        ────            ───────    ───────────────    ─────────      |
|                                                                              |
|  INDIA-DC      Mumbai DC       100        10.1.100.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|  INDIA-DR      Chennai DR      200        10.1.200.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|  INDIA         Bangalore       103        10.1.103.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|  INDIA         Delhi           104        10.1.104.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|  INDIA         Noida           105        10.1.105.1         1 (Single)     |
|                                                                              |
|  EMEA          London          300        10.1.300.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|  EMEA          Frankfurt       301        10.1.301.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|                                                                              |
|  AMERICAS      New Jersey      400        10.1.400.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|  AMERICAS      Dallas          401        10.1.401.1-2       2 (HA Pair)    |
|                                                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  SITE-ID NUMBERING CONVENTION                                                |
|  ─────────────────────────────                                               |
|  1xx = India Region (100=DC, 103-199=Branches)                              |
|  2xx = India DR Region (200=DR, 203-299=DR Branches)                        |
|  3xx = EMEA Region (300=Primary Hub, 301-399=Sites)                         |
|  4xx = Americas Region (400=Primary Hub, 401-499=Sites)                     |
+==============================================================================+

Hub Site Configuration

! Mumbai DC - Hub Site Role Configuration
policy
 control-policy HUB-ROLE
  sequence 10
   match route
    site-list BRANCH-SITES
   !
   action accept
    set
     tloc-action primary
     preference 0
    !
   !
  !
  sequence 20
   match route
    site-list HUB-SITES
   !
   action accept
    set
     preference 100
    !
   !
  !
  default-action accept
 !
!
apply-policy
 site-list DC-SITES
  control-policy HUB-ROLE out
 !
!
lists
 site-list DC-SITES
  site-id 100
 !
 site-list DR-SITES
  site-id 200
 !
 site-list HUB-SITES
  site-id 100
  site-id 200
  site-id 300
  site-id 301
  site-id 400
  site-id 401
 !
 site-list BRANCH-SITES
  site-id 103
  site-id 104
  site-id 105
 !

2.4.4 Topology Policies

Control Policy for Hub-and-Spoke

! Control Policy - Hub Preference for Branch Traffic
policy
 control-policy BRANCH-TO-HUB
  sequence 10
   match route
    site-list INDIA-BRANCHES
    prefix-list CORPORATE-PREFIXES
   !
   action accept
    set
     tloc-list INDIA-HUBS-TLOC
     tloc-action strict
    !
   !
  !
  sequence 20
   match route
    site-list EMEA-SITES
    prefix-list CORPORATE-PREFIXES
   !
   action accept
    set
     tloc-list EMEA-HUBS-TLOC
     tloc-action strict
    !
   !
  !
  sequence 30
   match route
    site-list AMERICAS-SITES
    prefix-list CORPORATE-PREFIXES
   !
   action accept
    set
     tloc-list AMERICAS-HUBS-TLOC
     tloc-action strict
    !
   !
  !
  default-action accept
 !
!
lists
 site-list INDIA-BRANCHES
  site-id 103-105
 !
 site-list INDIA-HUBS
  site-id 100
  site-id 200
 !
 site-list EMEA-SITES
  site-id 300-399
 !
 site-list AMERICAS-SITES
  site-id 400-499
 !
 tloc-list INDIA-HUBS-TLOC
  tloc 10.1.100.1 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.100.2 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.200.1 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.200.2 color mpls encap ipsec
 !
 tloc-list EMEA-HUBS-TLOC
  tloc 10.1.300.1 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.300.2 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.301.1 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.301.2 color mpls encap ipsec
 !
 tloc-list AMERICAS-HUBS-TLOC
  tloc 10.1.400.1 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.400.2 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.401.1 color mpls encap ipsec
  tloc 10.1.401.2 color mpls encap ipsec
 !
 prefix-list CORPORATE-PREFIXES
  ip-prefix 10.0.0.0/8 le 32
  ip-prefix 172.16.0.0/12 le 32
  ip-prefix 192.168.0.0/16 le 32
 !

Topology Policy for Regional Affinity

! Control Policy - Regional Affinity
policy
 control-policy REGIONAL-AFFINITY
  sequence 10
   match route
    site-list INDIA-ALL
    prefix-list ALL-PREFIXES
   !
   action accept
    set
     affinity-group preference 1 2
     affinity-group 1
    !
   !
  !
  sequence 20
   match route
    site-list EMEA-ALL
    prefix-list ALL-PREFIXES
   !
   action accept
    set
     affinity-group preference 3 4
     affinity-group 3
    !
   !
  !
  sequence 30
   match route
    site-list AMERICAS-ALL
    prefix-list ALL-PREFIXES
   !
   action accept
    set
     affinity-group preference 5 6
     affinity-group 5
    !
   !
  !
  default-action accept
 !
!
! Affinity Group Definitions
! Group 1: India DC (Mumbai)
! Group 2: India DR (Chennai) + India Branches
! Group 3: EMEA Primary (London)
! Group 4: EMEA Secondary (Frankfurt)
! Group 5: Americas Primary (New Jersey)
! Group 6: Americas Secondary (Dallas)

2.4.5 Tunnel Restrict and Preferences

Color Restrict Configuration

                    TUNNEL COLOR RESTRICTIONS
+==============================================================================+
|                                                                              |
|  USE CASE                     CONFIGURATION                 BEHAVIOR         |
|  ────────                     ─────────────                 ────────         |
|                                                                              |
|  MPLS-Only Corporate          color mpls restrict           Only MPLS peers  |
|  Internet Breakout            color biz-internet            All colors peer  |
|  LTE Last Resort              color lte                     Peer when needed |
|  Cloud Direct Connect         color private1 restrict       Only cloud peers |
|                                                                              |
+==============================================================================+

TLOC Preference and Weight

! TLOC Preference Configuration - Mumbai DC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 tunnel-interface
  color mpls restrict
  preference 100                 ! Highest preference for MPLS
  weight 1
 !
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 tunnel-interface
  color biz-internet
  preference 50                  ! Medium preference for business internet
  weight 1
 !
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 tunnel-interface
  color public-internet
  preference 25                  ! Lower preference for public internet
  weight 1
 !
!
interface Cellular0/2/0
 tunnel-interface
  color lte
  preference 10                  ! Lowest preference for LTE
  weight 1
  low-bandwidth-link            ! Limit control connections
 !

Tunnel Group Configuration

! Tunnel Groups for Load Balancing
sdwan
 tunnel-group MPLS-GROUP
  tunnel 10.1.100.1 color mpls
  tunnel 10.1.100.2 color mpls
 !
 tunnel-group INTERNET-GROUP
  tunnel 10.1.100.1 color biz-internet
  tunnel 10.1.100.2 color biz-internet
  tunnel 10.1.100.1 color public-internet
  tunnel 10.1.100.2 color public-internet
 !
 tunnel-group ALL-TRANSPORTS
  tunnel 10.1.100.1 color mpls
  tunnel 10.1.100.2 color mpls
  tunnel 10.1.100.1 color biz-internet
  tunnel 10.1.100.2 color biz-internet
 !

2.4.6 Tunnel Count Analysis

Per-Site Tunnel Calculation

                    TUNNEL COUNT ANALYSIS
+==============================================================================+
|                                                                              |
|  SITE TYPE          PEER COUNT    TRANSPORTS    TUNNELS/PEER    TOTAL       |
|  ─────────          ──────────    ──────────    ────────────    ─────       |
|                                                                              |
|  DC/DR HUBS                                                                  |
|  Mumbai DC          7 hubs        4             2 (HA)          56          |
|                     3 branches    4             1-2             18          |
|                                                                    ───       |
|                                                   Mumbai Total:   74         |
|                                                                              |
|  Chennai DR         7 hubs        4             2 (HA)          56          |
|                     3 branches    4             1-2             18          |
|                                                                    ───       |
|                                                   Chennai Total:  74         |
|                                                                              |
|  REGIONAL HUBS                                                               |
|  London             7 hubs        3             2 (HA)          42          |
|  Frankfurt          7 hubs        3             2 (HA)          42          |
|  New Jersey         7 hubs        3             2 (HA)          42          |
|  Dallas             7 hubs        3             2 (HA)          42          |
|                                                                              |
|  BRANCHES                                                                    |
|  Bangalore          2 hubs        3             2 (HA)          12          |
|  Delhi              2 hubs        3             2 (HA)          12          |
|  Noida              2 hubs        3             1 (Single)      6           |
|                                                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  OVERLAY SUMMARY                                                             |
|  ───────────────                                                             |
|  Total Tunnel Endpoints:    17 WAN Edges                                    |
|  Hub-to-Hub Tunnels:        42 pairs × 3 transports = 126                   |
|  Hub-to-Branch Tunnels:     10 pairs × 3 transports = 30                    |
|  Total IPsec Tunnels:       156 (bi-directional counted once)               |
|  Effective Tunnel Count:    312 (counting both directions)                  |
+==============================================================================+

Tunnel Scale Limits

Component Current Year 1 Year 3 Platform Limit
WAN Edges 17 22 30 10,000
IPsec Tunnels 156 200 300 8,000 per vSmart
OMP Routes 500 750 1,500 500,000
Control Connections 68 90 120 6,000 per vSmart

2.4.7 Overlay Verification

Tunnel Status Verification

! Verify BFD Sessions
Mumbai-DC-WAN1# show sdwan bfd sessions

                                      SOURCE TLOC           REMOTE TLOC                             DST PUBLIC                      DST PUBLIC                                      
SYSTEM IP        SITE ID  STATE       COLOR       COLOR            SOURCE IP                       IP                              PORT    ENCAP  MULTIPLIER  TIMEOUT(msec)  UPTIME  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.1.100.2       100      up          mpls        mpls             172.16.1.2                      172.16.1.6                      12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:12:33 
10.1.200.1       200      up          mpls        mpls             172.16.1.2                      172.17.1.2                      12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:12:30 
10.1.200.2       200      up          mpls        mpls             172.16.1.2                      172.17.1.6                      12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:12:28 
10.1.300.1       300      up          mpls        mpls             172.16.1.2                      172.18.1.2                      12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:12:25 
10.1.300.2       300      up          mpls        mpls             172.16.1.2                      172.18.1.6                      12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:12:22 
10.1.100.2       100      up          biz-internet biz-internet    103.21.xxx.1                    103.21.xxx.5                    12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:10:15 
10.1.200.1       200      up          biz-internet biz-internet    103.21.xxx.1                    203.0.113.10                    12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:10:12 
10.1.103.1       103      up          biz-internet biz-internet    103.21.xxx.1                    103.22.xxx.1                    12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:08:45 
10.1.103.2       103      up          biz-internet biz-internet    103.21.xxx.1                    103.22.xxx.5                    12346   ipsec  7           7000           45:08:42 

OMP Peer Verification

! Verify OMP Peer Status
Mumbai-DC-WAN1# show sdwan omp peers

                         DOMAIN    OVERLAY   SITE                              
PEER             TYPE    ID        ID        ID        STATE    UPTIME        
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.255.255.1     vsmart  1         1         0         up       45:15:22      
10.255.255.2     vsmart  1         1         0         up       45:15:20      
10.255.255.3     vsmart  1         1         0         up       45:15:18      
10.255.255.4     vsmart  1         1         0         up       45:15:15      

TLOC Table Verification

! Verify TLOC Table
Mumbai-DC-WAN1# show sdwan omp tlocs

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TLOC                      RECEIVED VIA    ENCAP   PREF   WEIGHT   ORIGINATOR   COLOR           STATUS   BFD-STATUS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.1.100.1
    mpls                  ompv2           ipsec   100    1        10.1.100.1   mpls            C,Red    up
    biz-internet          ompv2           ipsec   50     1        10.1.100.1   biz-internet    C,Red    up
    public-internet       ompv2           ipsec   25     1        10.1.100.1   public-internet C,Red    up
    lte                   ompv2           ipsec   10     1        10.1.100.1   lte             C,Red    up
10.1.100.2
    mpls                  ompv2           ipsec   100    1        10.1.100.2   mpls            R        up
    biz-internet          ompv2           ipsec   50     1        10.1.100.2   biz-internet    R        up
    public-internet       ompv2           ipsec   25     1        10.1.100.2   public-internet R        up
    lte                   ompv2           ipsec   10     1        10.1.100.2   lte             R        up
10.1.200.1
    mpls                  ompv2           ipsec   100    1        10.1.200.1   mpls            R        up
    biz-internet          ompv2           ipsec   50     1        10.1.200.1   biz-internet    R        up
10.1.103.1
    mpls                  ompv2           ipsec   100    1        10.1.103.1   mpls            R        up
    biz-internet          ompv2           ipsec   50     1        10.1.103.1   biz-internet    R        up
    public-internet       ompv2           ipsec   25     1        10.1.103.1   public-internet R        up

2.4.8 Topology Design Decisions

Design Decision Matrix

Decision Point Options Considered Selected Option Rationale
Hub Connectivity Full mesh / Partial Full mesh 6 hubs, manageable tunnel count, optimal latency
Branch Connectivity Direct mesh / Hub-spoke Hub-and-spoke Simpler management, policy enforcement at hub
Transport Priority MPLS first / Internet first MPLS primary SLA guarantee, existing investment
Color Restriction Restrict / No restrict Restrict for MPLS Keep private traffic on private network
Tunnel Encapsulation GRE/IPsec / Native IPsec GRE over IPsec Compatibility, multicast support
Regional Affinity Enable / Disable Enable Optimize regional traffic patterns

Future Topology Considerations

Enhancement Timeline Impact
On-demand branch mesh Phase 2 Enable direct branch-to-branch for latency-sensitive apps
5G integration Year 2 Add 5G color for enhanced mobility
Cloud gateway sites Phase 3 Add cloud-based hub sites for SaaS optimization
Remote worker topology Year 2 Integrate remote access VPN with overlay

2.4.9 Appendix: Overlay Topology Diagrams

Regional View - India

                         INDIA REGION OVERLAY TOPOLOGY
+==============================================================================+
|                                                                              |
|                    +------------------+                                      |
|                    |    vSMART-1,2    |                                      |
|                    |   Mumbai Cluster |                                      |
|                    +--------+---------+                                      |
|                             |                                                |
|                             | OMP Sessions                                   |
|                             |                                                |
|         +-------------------+-------------------+                            |
|         |                   |                   |                            |
|         v                   v                   v                            |
|   +----------+        +----------+        +----------+                       |
|   | MUMBAI   |========| CHENNAI  |========| REGIONAL |                       |
|   | DC HUB   |  IPsec | DR HUB   |  IPsec | HUBS     |                       |
|   | WAN1/WAN2|  Mesh  | WAN1/WAN2|  Mesh  | (4 sites)|                       |
|   +----+-----+        +----+-----+        +----------+                       |
|        |                   |                                                 |
|        | Hub-Spoke         | Hub-Spoke                                       |
|        |                   |                                                 |
|   +----+--------+-----+----+                                                 |
|   |             |          |                                                 |
|   v             v          v                                                 |
| +--------+ +--------+ +--------+                                             |
| |BANGALORE| | DELHI  | | NOIDA  |                                            |
| |Branch  | |Branch  | |Branch  |                                             |
| |WAN1/2  | |WAN1/2  | |WAN1    |                                             |
| +--------+ +--------+ +--------+                                             |
|                                                                              |
| LEGEND:                                                                      |
| ======== Full Mesh IPsec Tunnels                                            |
| -------- Hub-and-Spoke Tunnels                                              |
|                                                                              |
+==============================================================================+

Global View

                              GLOBAL OVERLAY TOPOLOGY
+==============================================================================+
|                                                                              |
|                          CONTROL PLANE                                       |
|              +--------+  +--------+  +--------+  +--------+                  |
|              |vSmart-1|  |vSmart-2|  |vSmart-3|  |vSmart-4|                  |
|              |Mumbai  |  |Mumbai  |  |Chennai |  |Chennai |                  |
|              +---+----+  +---+----+  +---+----+  +---+----+                  |
|                  |           |           |           |                       |
|                  +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+                       |
|                        |                 |                                   |
|                        v                 v                                   |
|  +===================DATA PLANE - FULL MESH HUBS===================+        |
|  |                                                                  |        |
|  |   MUMBAI<==========>CHENNAI<==========>LONDON<=======>FRANKFURT |        |
|  |      ^                 ^                  ^               ^      |        |
|  |      |                 |                  |               |      |        |
|  |      +========+========+                  +======+========+      |        |
|  |               |                                  |               |        |
|  |         NEW JERSEY<=========================>DALLAS              |        |
|  |                                                                  |        |
|  +==================================================================+        |
|                        |                                                     |
|                        v                                                     |
|  +=================BRANCH SITES (HUB-SPOKE)=================+               |
|  |                                                           |               |
|  |   BANGALORE -----> MUMBAI/CHENNAI                        |               |
|  |   DELHI     -----> MUMBAI/CHENNAI                        |               |
|  |   NOIDA     -----> MUMBAI/CHENNAI                        |               |
|  |                                                           |               |
|  +===========================================================+               |
|                                                                              |
+==============================================================================+

Document Control

Version Date Author Changes
1.0 December 30, 2025 Network Architecture Team Initial release

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